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Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disease in post-menopausal women. Palmul-tang, an herbal medicine, has been treated for gynecological disease such as anemia, anorexia, anti-fatigue, unspecified menstruation and female infertility in East Asia. In this study, ameliorative effects of Palmul-tang soft extracts (PMT), a Korean Medicine, on osteoporosis were investigated. Ovariectomized (OVX) osteoporotic ICR mice were intragastrically administrated PMT for 4 weeks. The level of bone mineral density (BMD) was analyzed in bone tissues by dual X-ray absorptiometry. The bone medullary cavity and deposition of collagen were investigated by histological analysis. In addition, the BMP-2 signaling-related molecules, osteoblastic differentiation and formation markers, were determined in femoral tissues. The levels of BMD and bone mineral content were significantly increased in tibia, femurs and LV by treatment of PMT. PMT replenished bone marrow cavity and increased collagen deposition in bone marrow cells of femur. In addition, administration of PMT recovered serum ALP, bALP, osteocalcin and calcium levels in osteoporotic mice. Moreover, PMT treatment up-regulated the expressions of BMP-2, RUNX2 and OSX with its downstream factors, ALP, OPN and BSP-1, in the femoral tissues. Taken together, PMT restored the bone minerals and improvement of bone integrity by bone-forming BMP-2 signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that PMT could be an ameliorative agent for osteoporosis.
Highlights
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease by occurring the impairment of osteoblast and osteoclast balances (Chen et al, 2018)
Tibial and L6 vertebrae (LV) were used to evaluate the levels of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD)
Treatment of Palmul-tang soft extracts (PMT) upregulated BMC in femur, tibia and LV compared to OVX group, especially increased 4.69, 5.86 and 11.32% in 6,170 mg/kg of PMT
Summary
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease by occurring the impairment of osteoblast and osteoclast balances (Chen et al, 2018). The mode of action by Effects of Palmul-Tang on Osteoporosis anti-osteoporosis drugs is associated with improvement of balances for abnormal function of osteoblast and osteoclast that increase the bone mass and offset the bone loss (Tanaka et al, 2005; Nanjundaiah et al, 2013). The possibility of experiencing side effects including hot flush, breast cancer, blood clots, heart failure and osteonecrosis of jaw still remains an obstacle to be overcome and drives us to find new prospective drugs for improving osteoporosis (Nam et al, 2012; Tella and Gallagher, 2014)
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