Abstract
Different types and inclusion levels of palm oil were incorporated in the enriched diets of L-type rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis, and fed to Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) larvae. The dietary fish oil was replaced with either 50 or 75% of crude palm oil, CPO (CPO50, CPO75) and refined bleached deodorized palm olein, RPO (RPO50, RPO75). The enriched diet containing 100% fish oil (FO100) was used as the experimental control. Triplicate groups of the fish larvae of initial length 2.72 ± 0.14 mm were fed with enriched rotifer for 15 days. In general, palm oil-based enriched diets performed better than the control diet (FO100). Specifically, final mean body weight (31.3 ± 9.2 mg), final mean total length (11.5 ± 1.6 mm), SGR (29.0 ± 1.4%/day) and WG (7,769.4 ± 1,510.8%) of Asian seabass larvae fed RPO75 were significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to those fed the other palm oil-based diet and FO100. The rotifer enriched with palm oil significantly affected the body proximate composition and fatty acid profiles of the fed larvae. The present study suggests that RPO and CPO can be considered as a good alternative dietary lipid for enrichment of rotifer to positively influence the nutritional requirements of the Asian seabass larvae and support their survival and growth.
Highlights
Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer, is a tropical marine fish that is widely farmed throughout Asia
Rotifer is widely used as the first feed for Asian seabass larvae mainly because it is relatively easy to culture, highly digestible, rich in protein, and has been used as a vector for delivering compounds of diverse nutritional value to larval fish (Skalliaa and Robin, 2004; Das et al, 2012; Dey et al, 2015). It is well-documented that live feed should be enriched prior to providing it to the larvae, with many studies focusing on the benefits of live feed enrichment using highly unsaturated fatty acids, HUFA (Rainuzzo et al, 1994; Sargent et al, 1999; Benítez-Santana et al, 2007, Tocher, 2010, Radhakrishnan et al, 2020) such as docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22:6n−3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n−3), and arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n−6) as the main energy sources and to ensure proper larval development (Rainuzzo et al, 1997; Sargent et al, 1999; BenítezSantana et al, 2007, Tocher, 2010)
The present study reports the results of experimental trials carried out for testing the effectiveness of the two different types of palm oils (CPO and RPO) as the lipid source in the enriched diets for the rotifer on Asian seabass larvae
Summary
Lates calcarifer, is a tropical marine fish that is widely farmed throughout Asia. Rotifer (primarily the species, Brachionus plicatilis) is widely used as the first feed for Asian seabass larvae mainly because it is relatively easy to culture, highly digestible, rich in protein, and has been used as a vector for delivering compounds of diverse nutritional value to larval fish (Skalliaa and Robin, 2004; Das et al, 2012; Dey et al, 2015).
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