Abstract
Dyspnea and breakthrough pain are common problems in palliative care. This article reviews reports on the management of these symptoms and provides clinical guidance on management of the symptoms. Mechanisms of both symptoms are discussed. The use of opioids, including via nebulization, is described for dyspnea. True breakthrough pain is differentiated from incident pain and end of dose failure.
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More From: Journal of Pharmaceutical Care in Pain & Symptom Control
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