Abstract
Carbon–carbon cross-coupling reactions are among the most important processes in organic chemistry and Suzuki–Miyaura reactions are the most widely used protocols. For a decade, green chemistry and particularly catalysis and continuous flow, have shown immense potential in achieving the goals of “greener synthesis”. To date, it seems difficult to conceive the chemistry of the 21st century without the industrialization of continuous flow process in the area of pharmaceuticals, drugs, agrochemicals, polymers, etc. A large variety of palladium Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions have been developed using a continuous flow sequence for preparing the desired biaryl derivatives. Our objective is to focus this review on the continuous flow Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts.
Highlights
Among the main reactions in organic chemistry, C–C bond formation via a cross-coupling reaction catalyzed by transition metals is undoubtedly the most important and has been exploited very widely in the recent years
Due to current impetus in promoting green chemistry for sustainable development, both for academic and industrial research, chemists have recently established catalytic reactions based on renewable resources, atom economy, less hazardous chemical steps, safer solvents, auxiliaries and alternative technologies such as continuous flow, microwave irradiation, ultrasound irradiation, etc
In the context of green chemistry, catalysis and alternative media, different cross-coupling reactions such as Suzuki–Miyaura in batch reactors have been developed in aqueous media or in water as sole green safer solvent via conventional heating or microwave irradiation [32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43]
Summary
Among the main reactions in organic chemistry, C–C bond formation via a cross-coupling reaction catalyzed by transition metals is undoubtedly the most important and has been exploited very widely in the recent years. In the solid handling to confined for the micro reactor are the low material input, low waste output, excellent mass transfer properties, conditions and increasing of the concentration to have a better productivity, the use of continuous fast diffusive mixing and the disadvantages are the low throughput, tendency to channel blockage sonication could prevent clogging [50]. In parallel with the synthesis of low molecular weight compounds, this technique has been few by studies have described micro and meso for the C–C formation at temperature applied academic and industrial groups forreactors the production of bond polymers [64,65,66,67]. In parallel with the synthesis of low molecular weight compounds, this technique clarity, this review describes continuous flow selective palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions has been applied by academic and industrial groups for the production of polymers [64,65,66,67]. Sake of clarity, this review describes continuous flow selective palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions having a good energy efficiency at temperatures ranging between 0 °C and 80 °C
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