Palladium-based enzyme inhibitors (review)

Abstract

This review collects literature data from 1969 to 2021 aimed at studying the influence of the coordination environment of palladium in complex metal compounds on the ability of palladium to inhibit enzymes. In particular, selective inhibition of enzymes and inhibition of enzymes as a mechanism of toxicity has been demonstrated. Inorganic, trans-coordinated, bidentate N, S, phosphine, and iminophenol complexes are considered. Palladium compounds have been shown to inhibit enzymes involved in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Palladium compounds can be used in targeted cancer therapy as inhibitors of tumor enzymes. Palladium compounds can also be used as inhibitors of the enzymes of the HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 viruses, trypanosomiasis, putrefactive microbes and other microorganisms. At the same time, some palladium complexes can be toxic and allergens due to the inhibition of the beneficial enzymes. We have noted that the further search for biomedical applications of palladium compounds is a promising direction for biomedicine.