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Abstract
In this study, spent bleaching earth (SBE), a hazardous industrial waste was used as raw material to synthesis carbon/silicate nanohybrid material (CSNH) as support for mono and bimetallic palladium and nickel nanoparticles. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by different techniques such as nitrogen physisorption, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, and TEM and evaluated in the reduction of nitrobenzene (NB) to aniline (AN) in a batch process at ambient conditions. The Pd/CSNH shows the highest conversion. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for investigation of the effect of different variables. The results showed that the mole ratio of sodium borohydride to nitrobenzene has the most important impact on the conversion of nitrobenzene to aniline. In the optimal reaction conditions (20 mg Pd/CSNH and mole ratio of NaBH4/NB = 4 in 25 min), conversion, selectivity to aniline and yield of 100% were obtained at room temperature.
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