Abstract
This manuscript relates, for the first time, palladium nanoparticle production by bio-reduction using an Ilex paraguariensis aqueous extract. The solid obtained, PdISM, was used as a catalyst in Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling, composing a new eco-friendly, ligand-free, and low cost catalytic system. Excellent yields were obtained in the coupling of aryl iodides and bromides with phenylboronic acid. The same catalyst load was able to be recycled 3x.Graphical
Highlights
Modern organic synthesis, via cross-coupling reactions, makes use of catalysts to minimize the number of steps involved and increase the reaction yield [1]
The use of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) as a catalyst generally yields excellent results compared to other catalytic precursors with the same metal [2]
Fixed on the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction [3], one of the most studied catalytic cross-couplings, the use of Pd NPs is shown in several ways: employing the isolated solid [4] and the solid supported on polymeric films [5], on carbon-derived supports [6], on a magnetic solid [7], on biomass waste [8], and others
Summary
Via cross-coupling reactions, makes use of catalysts to minimize the number of steps involved and increase the reaction yield [1]. In this scenario, the use of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) as a catalyst generally yields excellent results compared to other catalytic precursors with the same metal [2]. The aqueous extract of yerba mate contains polyphenols, xanthines, alkaloids, flavonoids, vitamins and several minerals [17, 18], the reducing activity is attributed to the first two compounds listed [15, 19–21] Given this scenario, in this paper we report, for the first time, the production of Pd NPs by bio-reduction using an Ilex paraguariensis aqueous extract. The solid, named PdISM, was produced at low cost and evaluated for Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling
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