Abstract
A strong σ-donor mesoionic carbene ligand has been synthesized and applied to four different palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling transformations, proving the catalyst/medium compatibility and the increased activity of this system over previous reports in Deep Eutectic Solvent medium. Some cross-coupling processes could be carried out at room temperature and using aryl chlorides as starting materials. The possible implementation of multistep synthesis in eutectic mixtures has also been explored. The presence of palladium nanoparticles in the reaction media has been evaluated and correlated to the observed activity.
Highlights
Organic Chemistry is, by definition, the study of carbon containing compounds
It is worth to mention that eutectic mixtures can maintain their structure even when small amounts of water are added to the mixture, while their physical properties are modulated (Hammond et al, 2017)
The use of a mesoionic carbene ligand in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions has been evaluated for the first time in Deep Eutectic Solvents as reaction media, proving to be an excellent and general pre-catalyst for many different cross-coupling reactions
Summary
Reactions that involve C-C bond formation have a great impact in this discipline. Due to this fact, C-C bond forming cross-coupling reactions have arisen as a main tool in Organic Synthesis. Several metallic catalysts have been applied to these reactions, with palladium derived catalysts being the most employed (Biffis et al, 2018). This is the case for reactions as important as Suzuki (1985), Sonogashira (2002), Heck (1982), or Hiyama couplings (Hiyama, 2002)
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