Abstract
This review provides an overview on Pd-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) through the scientometric analysis and critical review methods. The main focus is on activity regulation and synthetic methods.
Highlights
Pt-based catalysts set the benchmark due to their excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance and stability, and are widely used as cathode electrocatalysts in practical fuel cells.[7]
There are several obstacles for commercialization: (1) the high price and the scarcity of Pt materials; (2) the methanol crossover effect and poor methanol tolerance, which leads to low cell performance and efficiency when using Pt-based catalysts in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs),[8] and (3) easy poisoning by impurities, such as CO and chloride ions in electrolytes
Recent studies on Pd-based alloy catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction are summarized in this review
Summary
Pt-based catalysts set the benchmark due to their excellent ORR performance and stability, and are widely used as cathode electrocatalysts in practical fuel cells.[7] there are several obstacles for commercialization: (1) the high price and the scarcity of Pt materials; (2) the methanol crossover effect and poor methanol tolerance, which leads to low cell performance and efficiency when using Pt-based catalysts in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs),[8] and (3) easy poisoning by impurities, such as CO and chloride ions in electrolytes. Review effort has been directed at the development of alternatives, such as other noble metals with relatively low-cost, non-noble metal materials and even metal-free catalysts. The emergence of these studies has greatly enriched the types of ORR electrocatalysts and paved several pathways for practical applications
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