Abstract
Magnetic measurements, mineralogical and geochemical studies were carried out on surface soil samples in order to delineate susceptibility distribution and to find possible relationships based on paleomagnetic implications in some part of Kalambaina Area of Sokoto Northwestern Nigeria. Geomorphologically, this area is generally gentle, with occasionally tabular, capped by resistance laterites. Elevation generally decreases towards the northwest around the Nigeria - Niger Republic boarder with an average elevation of about 215 m above mean sea level. A total of 90 samples were measured at random with DSN-10 susceptibility Kappa metre as well 20 core drilling samples were collected for further XRF geochemical analysis. Mass specific susceptibility value ranges between 11.2 x 10^-6 SI and 14 - 8.2 x 10^-6 and magnetic remanence at 1 T values range between 10 x 10^-6 SI and 0.5 - 9.0 x 10^-6 SI as well as 0.5 - 7.4 x10^-6 SI. Chemical analysis by Xray Fluorescence analysis revealed the presence concentration of various elements with their percentage composition of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content between >40% and <70%, >70% and <80%, core drilling depth and overburden thickness of a limestone Layer and Overburden. Has also revealed low- and high-grade calcium carbonate CaCO3 content.
Highlights
The Kalambaina Formation consists of a white marine, clayey limestone and shale
Site 2 shows enhancement of magnetic susceptibility distribution compared to the Site 1 which is far away from the quarry site in Kalambaina Katare
The highest values of topsoil susceptibility are recorded in Site 1 with variations of two to three orders of magnitude compared to the values recorded in Site 3
Summary
The Kalambaina Formation consists of a white marine, clayey limestone and shale. The Type Section of the Formation is at the quarry of the cement factory of Northern Nigeria, near the village of Kalambaina, located about 6 to the south-west of Sokoto township. The thickness of the Formation is quite variable, because of the subsurface dissolution of the limestone. The maximum thickness, recorded from the boreholes, is over 20 , but usually only about 12 of section is exposed at the quarry. Near the village of Dange, the Kalambaina Formation is reduced to about 5 , but at Birnin Kebbi, further south, the Formation is approximately 18 thick. The Formation is rich invertebrate fossils; mainly echinoids, corals, nautilus, and gastropods have been described from the formation [1,2,3,4]
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