Palatal temporary skeletal anchorage devices (TSADs): What to know and how to do?

Abstract

Since palatal temporary skeletal anchorage devices (TSADs) have become important tools for orthodontic treatment, this narrative review was aimed to provide an updated and integrated guidelines for the clinical application of palatal TSADs. A narrative review article including researches on palatal TSADs in orthodontics related to anatomy, success rate and clinical application. The anatomical characteristics, success rate and its consideration factors and clinical application of palatal TSADs based on the direction of tooth movement were evaluated. To improve the stability of TSADs, hard tissue factors such as bone depth, cortical bone thickness, bone density and soft tissue thickness were evaluated. Anatomically risky structures, including the nasopalatine foramen, canal and the greater palatine foramen, nerve, vessel need to be identified before placement. The success rate of palatal TSADs was greater than that of the buccal inter-radicular space. Palatal TSADs have been used for various purposes because they can control tooth movement in all directions and, three-dimensionally; their applications include the retraction of anterior teeth, protraction of posterior teeth, distalization, intrusion, expansion and constriction. They can be applied directly or indirectly to the lingual arch or transpalatal arch. Design modifications using splinted 2 miniscrews have been suggested. Palatal TSADs allow clinicians to perform minimally invasive and easy placement with good stability by understanding the anatomical characteristics of the palatal region, and they show good control over 3-dimensional tooth movements in various clinical cases.