Palatal Re-Repair With Double-Opposing Z-Plasty in Treatment of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency of Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate.

Abstract

Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is a common problem after cleft palate repair that is often related to palatal shortening and insufficient levator reconstruction. For VPI correction in our cleft center, palatal re-repair with double-opposing Z-plasty is the standard operation. To assess the efficacy of double-opposing Z-plasty in treatment of VPI after primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). This retrospective analysis comprised 109 consecutive UCLP patients born between 1997 and 2014 with VPI that required re-operation, and were operated on by 2 highvolume cleft surgeons, followed by perceptual and instrumental (Nasometer) evaluation of velopharyngeal competence (VPC). Preoperatively, VPI was severe in 96% (105 of 109) and mild-to-moderate in 4% (4 of 109). Median age at surgery was 5.6 years (range 2.8-21.9). Postoperatively, 84% of patients achieved adequate VPC: 65% (71 of 109) were competent and 19% (21 of 109) borderline competent. Postoperative adequate VPC was 89% (70 of 79) in nonsyndromic Finnish patients, 50% (4 of 8) in syndromic patients, and 82% (18 of 22) in adoption children. Compared to Finnish nonsyndromic patients, patients with syndrome had more residual VPI (P = 0.003), but no statistically significant difference existed for adoption patients (P = 0.251). Complications of the double-opposing Z-plasty included hemorrhage, postoperative mild airway obstruction, and wound-healing problems, each arising in 2 (1.8%) patients. Fourteen (13%) patients needed a second VPI operation. Double-opposing Z-plasty seems to be a good and safe treatment option for VPI in patients with previously repaired UCLP with a success rate of 84%.