Abstract
Actinopterygian vertebral centra are more common in the Pennsylvanian and Early Permian of central North America than was previously known. The oldest record dates from the Early Carboniferous of England. Stratigraphic occurrence, co-occurring vertebrate fauna, histology, and external morphology contradict a previous interpretation as centra of “holosteans.” The centra are assigned here to Palaeoniscoidea indet. Besides centra in haplolepids, these are the only known actinopterygian centra from the Paleozoic. The so-called caudal centra in Pygopterus are the bases of hypurals.
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