Abstract
Tensions between Afghanistan and Pakistan have existed for a long time and can be traced back to five key factors: security interest considerations, cross-border ties and connectivity, geopolitical dynamics, national sovereignty concerns, and regional and international relations. These forces will have an influence on the long-term stability prospects in Afghanistan and the surrounding area if they work together. A tight eye will be kept on the battlefield, given the possibility of escalation following the withdrawal of the US and foreign forces. As the relationship between Afghanistan and Pakistan deteriorates, it is possible that any remaining hopes for a negotiated settlement would be jeopardised. Once the fighting has been brought to a halt or a new administration has been established, bilateral relations will have an influence on the security, political, and economic dynamics of the region throughout the medium to long term. Having a strong relationship with Pakistan can help to promote stability and progress. However, because of the hatred on both sides, which has been heightened by the conflict, the inverse consequence is more likely. The most promising path forward for Afghanistan and Pakistan in terms of expanding their cross-border connections for the benefit of regional peace and the well-being of their populations is to acknowledge and attempt to resolve one another's security and sovereignty concerns in a peaceful and constructive manner through dialogue.
Highlights
The Afghan government, Taliban, and US interests have dominated efforts to end Afghanistan's civil war
The Taliban's ascension to power in Afghanistan should be seen as strong resistance against the Western invasion
Afghanistan-Pakistan relations may be less affected by who joins or stays in the government and what policies they follow, even if this will be important in the short term
Summary
The Afghan government, Taliban, and US interests have dominated efforts to end Afghanistan's civil war. Pakistan and Afghanistan have had a tense and often acrimonious relationship for over 70 years due to both internal and foreign factors Both nations were linked with the US in the post-9/11 era, but Pakistan retained relations to the organisation. These instances highlight how the bilateral relationship affects future Afghan and regional stability. (Ahmar) These challenges will become more crucial when foreign forces withdraw and expectations for a negotiated settlement fade These dynamics fueled the current crisis, which has strained relations between the two countries for two decades. In order to protect its western flank from separatist threats and India's regional opponent, Pakistan could use sabotage activities to undermine any efforts to improve Afghan stability. He bases his argument on a review of important works on bilateral ties, regional stability, and the lives of people in both nations. (Leake, 2017)
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