Pairing fluctuations in a strongly interacting two-dimensional Fermi gas

Abstract

We theoretically investigate strong-coupling properties of a two-dimensional Fermi gas in the normal phase. Including pairing fluctuations within the framework of a self-consistent T-matrix approximation, we calculate the single-particle density of states (DOS) near the observed Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition temperature TBKT. We show that the pseudogap phenomenon associated with strong pairing fluctuations appears as an almost fully gapped single-particle density of states in the strong-coupling regime, indicating that amplitude fluctuations of the order parameter are almost absent and the system is dominated by phase fluctuations of the order parameter, as expected in a two-dimensional system near TBKT. On the other hand, although pairing fluctuations are enhanced by the low-dimensionality of the system, they are found to be still not strong enough to open such a full gap in the intermediate coupling (crossover) regime. In this regime, a dip structure is only seen in DOS around ω = 0, indicating that amplitude of the superfluid order parameter is also fluctuating, in addition to phase fluctuations. In theoretically determining TBKT in a two-dimensional Fermi gas, it is frequently assumed that, while phase fluctuations exist, the amplitude of the superfluid order parameter is fixed. However, our results indicate the necessity of including both amplitude and phase fluctuations of the order parameter in evaluating TBKT in the crossover region. Since the BKT phase transition has recently been reported in a two-dimensional 6Li Fermi gas, our results would be useful for the theoretical study of this observed novel Fermi superfluid and effects of strong low-dimensional pairing fluctuations.