Pain, Stress and Anxiety of Chronic Pain Patients Prior to, During and After Political Turmoil in Thailand

BackgroundPersistence of pain syndrome is accompanied by emotional changes and contributes to the formation of anxiety disorders in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Models of training patients with RA are...

Increased depression, anxiety and stress symptoms are associated with reduced mindfulness levels and coping skills. This study primarily aimed to investigate (1) the relationships between mindfulness, coping styles, depression, anxiety and stress and (2) mindfulness and coping styles as predictors of depression, anxiety and stress in adults who stutter. A secondary aim was to compare mindfulness, coping styles, depression, anxiety and stress levels in adults who stutter according to stuttering severity. This exploratory study included 47 adults who stutter who completed a full online survey in Turkish to gather demographic information, mindfulness, coping styles, depression, anxiety and stress scores. Participants were interviewed remotely to assess their stuttering severity. The correlation and hierarchical regression analysis were applied. Significant positive relationships between depression and anxiety, depression and stress, and anxiety and stress scores were found. Mindfulness significantly explained 24.9% of the stress levels in adults who stutter, and helpless and submissive coping styles significantly explained 43.8% of the depression and 31.4% of the anxiety levels. This study showed a correlation between elevated stress, anxiety and depression levels. Frequent use of passive coping mechanisms and lower mindfulness scores were found to be predictors of depression, anxiety and stress in adults who stutter. What is already known on this subject Stress, anxiety and depression are interrelated, with research revealing mixed findings regarding the relationship between stuttering and depression. However, stuttering is consistently associated with heightened anxiety levels, particularly state anxiety. Increased mindfulness has been linked to reduced stress, anxiety and depression, with studies indicating that individuals who stutter exhibit lower negative impacts of stuttering when mindfulness levels are higher. Additionally, coping strategies-whether active or passive-are associated with stress levels, with active coping correlating with more favorable outcomes. Research suggests that individuals who stutter and employ active coping mechanisms, such as seeking social support, manage stress more effectively. What this paper adds to the existing knowledge This study contributes to the literature by confirming the significant relationships between depression, anxiety and stress in adults who stutter and highlighting mindfulness and passive coping styles as predictors of these variables. Specifically, lower mindfulness levels and more frequent use of passive coping strategies were associated with higher depression, anxiety and stress levels. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? These findings suggest that individuals who stutter may benefit from interventions targeting mindfulness and active coping strategies to better manage stress, anxiety and depression, with implications for clinical practice.

Due to the anatomical intricacy of the region and the possibility of psychological as well as physical damage, maxillofacial injuries are unusual. Studies have shown that general psychological morbidity is more prevalent following maxillofacial trauma leading to post-traumatic stress disorder and behavioural changes at various times. To evaluate the quality of life and levels of stress, depression and anxiety in patients following facial trauma. Prospective research including 30 patients with maxillofacial injuries was conducted. Based on the requirements for inclusion and exclusion, these patients were included in the trial and were provided with psychological counselling and guidance from their time of admission till the follow-up period. The baseline levels of quality of life, depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were assessed at the time of presentation (T0), 1month (T1) and 3months (T2), using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 and World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire. The levels of stress, anxiety and depression, as well as quality of life, did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). There is no correlation between maxillofacial trauma and levels of anxiety, depression, stress and quality of life if the subjects are exposed to psychotherapy and guidance.

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Background: "Nurses are the forefront workers of the health care team.They have to deal with everyday challenges, that the profession demands, say in the case of an epidemic outbreak such as Covid-19 or a routine, herculean workload in their health care settings.Also, less pay, a deteriorated staff ratio as well as unfavourable working standards often causes the nurses to experience stress, anxiety and depression in their profession".A Descriptive study was conducted to assess the level of Depression, Anxiety and Stress experienced among staff nurses working in selected hospital, Rajouri district, J&K.The objectives of the study were to assess the level of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among staff nurses and to find out the association between level of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among staff nurses with selected demographic variables.Materials and Methods: The study adopted a Descriptive design.100 nurses from a selected hospital were enrolled using simple random sampling technique.The conceptual framework of the study was based on Rosenstock and Becker's Heath Belief Model, 1974.Tools used for data collection were Demographic Performa and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress scale.[DASS-21].Results: Findings of the study revealed moderate level of depression, Stress and Anxiety with a Mean Depression score (14.135.59),Mean Anxiety score (11.815.09)and a Mean Stress score (22.557.03)respectively.Significant association was observed between the level of Depression and demographic variables such as Gender, Type of family (p<0.01,p<0.05).Both level of anxiety and level of Stress were associated between demographic variables such as, Gender and Housing Loan.(p<0.01,p<0.05).Conclusion: The findings of the study confirmed that the Staff Nurses experienced a moderate level of Depression, Anxiety & Stress.

This prospective study assessed the effects of diaphragmatic breathing and systematic relaxation on depression, anxiety, and stress levels, as well as glycemic control, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). One hundred patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to two equal groups: Group A patients received conventional treatment for T2DM, and Group B patients received conventional treatment for T2DM plus training in diaphragmatic breathing and systematic relaxation and home practice of these stress-management techniques for 6 months. Stress, depression, and anxiety levels, blood sugar, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were recorded at baseline and after 6 months of treatment in all patients. Baseline characteristics were compared using the chi-square test and student's t test. Changes in mental well-being and glycemic status were assessed for their significance in each group using student's t test and compared between two groups using one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Baseline levels of the respective change outcome and duration of diabetes were used as covariates in the ANCOVA. A significant decrease was seen in depression, anxiety, and stress scores in Group B, but in Group A only the stress score decreased after 6 months. A significant decline occurred in blood sugar (fasting, 2-hour postprandial, and random) and HbA1c in both groups after 6 months. There was a larger decrease in depression and anxiety scores and HbA1c in Group B than in Group A. The decrease in HbA1c was significantly correlated with the decrease in anxiety and stress scores in both groups and with the depression score in Group A. Thus, the addition of diaphragmatic breathing and systematic relaxation to conventional T2DM treatment appears to have led to improvement in mental well-being and glycemic control in patients with T2DM.

Delle Donne, Valentina MPsych, PhD; Massaroni, Valentina MPsych; Ciccarelli, Nicoletta MPsych, PhD; Lombardi, Francesca MBiol, PhD; Lamonica, Silvia MPharm; Borghetti, Alberto MD; Ciccullo, Arturo MD; Di Giambenedetto, Simona MD Author Information

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic is found to affect the mental health of the population. Undergraduate medical students are especially prone to mental health disorders and hence could be more vulnerable to the impact of the pandemic.MethodsA prospective longitudinal study was conducted on 217 undergraduate medical students in a medical college at Chennai, India. Depression, anxiety, and stress levels were recorded using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 Items (DASS21) before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in India in December 2019 and June 2020, respectively. In the follow-up survey, in addition to DASS21, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to assess sleep quality and a self-administered questionnaire to assess the impact of COVID-19 related stressors were used. The self-administered questionnaire assessed the status of COVID-19 testing, interactions with COVID-19 patients, self-perceived levels of concerns and worries related to academics (COVID-19-AA (academic apprehensions)) and those pertaining to the self and family/friends (COVID-19-GA (general apprehensions)). Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparison of overall scores of depression, anxiety, and stress and scores stratified by gender, year of study, place of residence and monthly family income were performed. Predictors for depression, anxiety, and stress during COVID-19 were investigated using adjusted binary logistic regression analysis and results were expressed as adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI). A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe average scores of depression, anxiety, and stress during the baseline survey were 7.55 ± 7.86, 4.6 ± 6.19 and 7.31 ± 7.34 with the prevalence (95% Cl) of 33.2% [27–39.9%], 21.2% [16–27.2%] and 20.7% [15.5–26.7%]; in follow-up survey, the mean scores were 8.16 ± 8.9, 6.11 ± 7.13 and 9.31 ± 8.18 with the prevalence being 35.5% [29.1–42.2%], 33.2% [27–39.9%] and 24.9% [19.3–31.2%] for depression, anxiety, and stress respectively. There was a significant increase in both the prevalence and levels of anxiety and stress (P < 0.001), with depression remaining unchanged during COVID-19, irrespective of gender, year of study, place of residence and family’s monthly income. Poor sleep quality, higher levels of baseline depression, anxiety, and stress, higher COVID-19-GA, COVID-19 patients in family/friends and direct interactions with COVID-19 patients were found to be significant predictors of negative mental health in undergraduate medical students. COVID-19-AA was not significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and stress.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic appears to negatively affect the mental health of the undergraduate medical students with the prevalence and levels of anxiety and stress being increased, and depression symptoms remaining unaltered. Addressing and mitigating the negative effect of COVID-19 on the mental health of this population is crucial.

Background: Stress and Anxiety are normal part and parcel of life. These cannot be avoidable, but learning techniques to manage stress and anxiety with mindfulness meditation techniques could help to decrease negativity in life. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of “Mindfulness”- Meditation Programme” on the level of stress and anxiety among B.Sc. Nursing first year students. Methodology: Quasi experimental research design was selected. Total 60 B.Sc. nursing 1st year students were included in the study with non-probability convenient technique. Data was collected by using demographic variables, 5-point likert Perceived stress scale and Self structured Anxiety scale. Final study was done at Shimla Nursing College, Shurala and Shivalik Institute of Nursing, Bhattakuffar. A Total of 15 sessions of Mindfulness Meditation Programme were administered in the experimental group for 45minutes.Result: Findings of the study showed that the mean post-test score of stress in experimental group was lower than the mean post -test stress score of control group (11.50, :t=19.98, p=0.001) and the mean post-test score of anxiety in experimental group was lower than the mean post -test anxiety score of control group (18.93:t=17.57, p=0.001), Hence it can be concluded that Mindfulness Meditation Programme was found to be effective in reducing stress and anxiety scores among nursing students. There was positive correlation between post-test level of stress and post-test level of anxiety with (r =0.568, p=0.001). There was significant association on the level of post-test stress and post-test anxiety scores with selected demographical variables. Conclusion: The study concluded that Mindfulness Meditation Programme was effective in reducing the level of stress and anxiety among B.Sc. Nursing 1st year students and beneficial in improving mental well-being of nursing students.

This study investigated anxiety, depression, and stress and their influencing factors among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic and after the flood in Henan Province, China. It aimed to provide the theoretical foundation for the management of relevant hospital departments, improvement of nursing quality, implementation of antiepidemic work, and other relevant studies. In December 2019, COVID-19 was reported in Wuhan, China and became a global pandemic. In July 2021, unprecedented flooding occurred in Henan Province, China. Under the dual pressure of COVID-19 and the flood, nurses' mental health problems deteriorated. In August 2021, 1229 nurses from various departments of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University in Xinxiang City, Henan Province,Chinawere invited to participate in a questionnaire survey using a general condition questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the status of nurses' anxiety, depression, and stress. Analysis of variance, t-test, and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the factors influencing anxiety, depression, and stress among nurses. Of the participants, 36.1%, 10.1%, and 15.5% had moderate to high levels of anxiety, stress, and depression, respectively. Moreover, 42 (3.4%) participants experienced high to severe levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. The scores showed significant differences based on gender, harmonious family relationships, department position, work intensity, sleep quality, physical exercise, participation in leisure activities, health status, involvement in emotion management-related training, and attending self-care-related training (all P<0.05). Gender, work intensity, harmonious family relationships, health condition, sleep quality, and participation in leisure activities influenced stress, anxiety, and depression scores. Department position influenced anxiety and stress scores, and average monthly earnings influenced anxiety scores. All the nurses experienced various levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Related departments should pay special attention to male nurses and nurses with high work intensity, unharmonious family relationships, poor health, and sleep quality, and who engage in fewer leisure activities. It is recommended that departments allocate human resources and arrange schedules reasonably, encourage nurses to participate in more recreational activities, and implement emotion management and self-care-related training to relieve emotional distress, and ultimately maintain nurses' mental health.

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and the coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) are well accepted treatments for coronary artery disease. Many patients and their spouses experience increased level of stress, anxiety and depression before and after going under the procedure. One hundred and ninety-six cardiac patients who were candidate for CABG or PCI procedures and their spouses were asked to complete Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and General Health Questionnaire-12 before and 1 month after procedures. Anxiety, depression and stress level in patients and their spouses going under the procedures significantly reduced over time. Scores of anxiety, depression and stress in patients and their spouses were correlated. There was no difference in the level of anxiety, depression and stress between CABG and PCI groups before to after procedures. We suggest providing information about the procedures to both patients and their spouses to deal better with their own psychological state.

Anxiety and Psychological Stress in Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis: Prevalence and Effect on Outcome

IntroductionThere is increasing evidence that psychological stress and associated mood disorders are linked with, and adversely affect the course of IBD. The authors hypothesise that: (1) anxiety and stress are...

Aim: Studies examining the effect of microdiscectomy and surgical treatment on the psychiatric complaints of patients with lumbar disc herniation are new and few. Although the international literature reports that depression and anxiety decrease in the long term after microdiscectomy, we observed that these complaints were resolved much earlier in our clinical practice. We aimed to determine depression, anxiety, and pain levels in the preoperative period and in the first month postoperatively with validated scales for the documentation of these observations. Method: After eliminating patients with comorbid pathologies that may affect pain and psychiatric factors, pain levels in 31 patients with lumbar disc herniation were evaluated with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and depression and anxiety levels were evaluated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. Statistical comparisons were made with the Student-T test in NCSS (2020, Utah, USA). Results: It was observed that the low back and leg pain scores improved significantly after microdiscectomy, and the preoperative anxiety and depression scores were widely distributed, but both were significantly reduced in the postoperative period. Conclusion: The decrease in depression and anxiety levels after microdiscectomy earlier than international observations can be explained by the higher surgical anxiety in the Turkish population and the higher correlation between mood and pain levels. Since pain and psychiatric complaints have the feature of increasing each other, more successful management of these factors by clinicians will contribute to more effective treatments.

Midwives in the United Kingdom: Levels of burnout, depression, anxiety and stress and associated predictors