Abstract
Purpose: The normal behavior of goat kids is influenced by painful husbandry procedures such as ear tagging, with kids reducing peripheral temperature and increase restlessness. The present study was designed to elucidate that pain caused by ear tagging affects peripheral temperatures and behavioral observations in Karadi kid goats. Study Design: Experimental Study Design. Subjects and Methods: Nineteen native black goat kids, aged 10-14 days, were used in this study as a sample. Eye and nasal temperatures were recorded before ear tagging process (control) and after ear tagging 5 times in 30 minutes. In addition, the behavior of each kid was observed for 30 minutes before and 30 minutes after ear tagging using focal sampling recorded with instantaneous time sampling to measure the duration and frequency of each behavior of the kids. Results: It was revealed that peripheral temperatures were significantly decreased for both eye (P<0.01) and ear (P<0.01) after ear tagging. The temperatures of both eye and ear increased directly after tagging and then decreased significantly (P<0.01) for 30 minutes. The proportion of time kid goats spent normal standing and suckling the dam’s teat decreased whereas the proportion of time spent head-shaking increased after tagging. In addition, abnormal standing was seen after ear tagging which was absent before the process of tagging. Significant differences were found between abnormal standing (P<0.01) and vocalization (P<0.01). While the differences between suckling, normal standing and head shaking were not significant. Conclusions: It is concluded that ear tagging causes considerable pain in kid goats.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitusis a health problem in the 21st century
If there is insulin resistance, it will have an impact on glucose metabolism where the stimulation of β cells produces large amounts of insulin, but if β cells are not able to overcome this situation, there will be a disturbance in glucose tolerance which triggers an increase in glucose in the blood
In addition to increasing blood glucose, insulin resistance can reduce the activity of LPL (Lipoprotein lipase) which disrupts lipoprotein metabolism causing an increase in total cholesterol (Liao et al, 2013; Krischer et al, 2017)
Summary
Diabetes mellitusis a health problem in the 21st century. Globally, the prevalence of diabetes in 2019 isaround 9.3%, and the latest estimate will increase by around 0.9% in 2035 to 10.2%. If there is insulin resistance, it will have an impact on glucose metabolism where the stimulation of β cells produces large amounts of insulin, but if β cells are not able to overcome this situation, there will be a disturbance in glucose tolerance which triggers an increase in glucose in the blood. In addition to increasing blood glucose, insulin resistance can reduce the activity of LPL (Lipoprotein lipase) which disrupts lipoprotein metabolism causing an increase in total cholesterol (Liao et al, 2013; Krischer et al, 2017). The content of walnuts has antioxidant compounds and unsaturated fatty acids that can reduce oxidative stress in people with hyperglycemia (Djarkasih et al, 2011). There have been many in vitro studies on the content of bioactive compounds, research on the effects of walnuts on the components of metabolic syndrome (fasting blood sugar and cholesterol) in experimental animals. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of walnut extract on the components of metabolic syndrome
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
