Abstract
ABSTRACTSize fractionated mainstream cigarette smoke (MCS) samples were collected with variable configuration cascade impactor (VCCI). Samples were extracted ultrasonically and analysis of sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was performed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with UV-visible detector. Identification of PAHs were also carried out using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Data of size fractionate PAHs in MCS were used to calculate size dependent deposition in different compartment of human respiratory tract using multiple path particle dosimetry (MPPD) model. All brand cigarette smoke showed similar trends of particle mass and PAHs size distribution peaked at two sizes 0.3–0.1 µm and 0.75–1.13 µm aerodynamic diameter. All tested brands of MCS recorded around 48.75% of two and three-ring PAHs, 23 to 25% four-ring PAHs and 26–27% five and higher rings PAHs of total analyzed PAHs. Benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (B[a]Peq) PAHs emission in MCS was found to be 110 ± 12 (µ ± 1σ) ng per cigarette for tested brands. Total deposition fraction in respiratory tract was found to be 0.69 ± 0.26 for tested size ranges. Average 5th and 95th percentile values of incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for smoker due to PAHs exposure were found to be 1.3 × 10–5 to 3.9 × 10–5 respectively for tested cigarette brands.
Highlights
The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced, killing nearly six million people a year
Particle Mass Size Distribution The particle mass size distributions of three popular brands cigarette smoke is depicted in Fig. 2(a), which shows most of cigarette smoke particle are emitted in sub-micron particle size
The mass percentage of coarse particles in cigarette smoke was less than 5% of total particle mass, and this fraction was not considered for health risk assessment
Summary
The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced, killing nearly six million people a year. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S EPA) have consistently ranked indoor air pollution among the top 5 environmental risks to public health. One of the most important contributors to indoor air pollution is cigarette smoke which contains thousands of chemical compounds, many of which are known carcinogens (Brownson et al, 2002). Cigarette smoke is a complex and dynamic chemical mixture containing neutral constituents, free radicals, and certain ions, as a result of pyrolysis and combustion reactions of tobacco products (Green and Rodgman, 1996; Pan et al, 2013). Skin and bladder cancers have been associated with polycyclic aromatic
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