Paecilomyces formosus MD12, a Biocontrol Agent to Treat Meloidogyne incognita on Brinjal in Green House.

Alaa Baazeem,Saqer S Alotaibi,Abdulaziz Almanea,Palanisamy Manikandan,Mohammed Alorabi,Ahmed Abdel-Hadi,Young Ock Kim,Hak-Jae Kim,Ponnuswamy Vijayaraghavan,Subhanandharaj Russalamma Flanet Raj

doi:10.3390/jof7080632

Abstract

The present study was carried out to analyze the potential of fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of soybean, brinjal, tomato, and potato plants. The density of fungi varied in the pot soil and rhizosphere after Paecilomyces formosus MD12 treatment. The P. formosus MD12 population was 6.3 ± 0.13 × 104 CFU g−1 in the pot planted with brinjal, and the population increased in the rhizosphere (6.72 ± 0.41 × 104 CFU g−1). P. formosus MD12 was cultured in the production medium, and the supernatant was used for egg inhibition studies on a root-knot nematode parasite, Meloidogyne incognita. It was revealed that maximum egg inhibition (94.7 ± 6.2%) was obtained at 100% concentration of extract. The culture supernatant from P. formosus MD12 affected the development of M. incognita juvenile, and the mortality rate was maximum after 96 h (95 ± 6%). Mortality was reduced when treated with 25%, 50%, and 75% supernatant. At 1 × 107 mL−1 of spore suspension, we found reductions of 71.6 ± 3.3% nematode populations in the soil, 60.7 ± 2.2% from the root, and 63.6 ± 2.4% egg mass compared with the control in the pot experiment. The culture supernatant applied at the 10% level showed a maximum mean reduction of the nematode population in roots (72.4 ± 2.2%), soil (77.9 ± 2.5%), and egg masses (73.2 ± 1.5%), respectively. The presence of P. formosus MD12 in a soil environment could antagonize nematode parasites and improve soil amendment. The P. formosus MD12 strain showed good biocontrol ability against the root-knot nematode, M. incognita, under in vitro and green house experimental condition.

Highlights

Introduction conditions of the Creative CommonsIn plants, Paecilomyces plays a potent role as an endophytic fungus by providing various advantages for the development of plants
The fungus strain MD12 was identified as P. formosus MD12 based on 18S rDNA gene sequence analysis
The phylogeny analysis of 18S rDNA gene sequence of MD12 with closely related sequence of blast results was performed followed by multiple sequence alignment

Summary

Introduction

Paecilomyces plays a potent role as an endophytic fungus by providing various advantages for the development of plants. It can be indirectly or directly used as an effective biostimulant. The youngest conidium occupies the basal end, while conidia are in chains, hyaline and unicellular. The spherical asexual or smaller conidia are highly vulnerable to high temperature [1,2,3]. Paecilomyces grows over various substrates and at various temperature ranges and shows increased sporulation. Paecilomyces has various species; both saprophytic and pathogenic can be occupied in different habitats, including food, decomposing plant material, soil, nematodes, insects, compost, marine sediments, pasteurized foods and products, nematodes, and the rhizosphere of various plants [5,6,7,8]

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Discussion

Conclusion