Paddy cultivation in degraded karst wetland soil can significantly improve the physiological and ecological functions of carbon-fixing resident microorganisms

Abstract

Microorganisms play an important role in carbon fixation in karst wetland soils. However, the carbon fixation capacity of karst wetland soils and active microorganisms involved in the carbon fixation process are poorly understood. In this study, carbon fixation capacity and active microorganisms involved in the fixation of inorganic carbon into organic carbon were studied in native, naturally degraded, and reclaimed karst wetland soils by the combination of stable isotope probing (SIP) and high-throughput sequencing. Under light conditions, the soil carbon fixation capacity ranked: the reclaimed wetland soil (1.58 mg C kg−1 day−1) > native wetland soil (1.43 mg C kg−1 day−1) > degraded wetland soil (0.62 mg C kg−1 day−1). In the dark, the soils ranked: the native wetland soil (0.24 mg C kg−1 day−1) > reclaimed wetland soil (0.18 mg C kg−1 day−1) > degraded wetland soil (0.06 mg C kg−1 day−1). Active microorganisms fixing inorganic carbon in the karst wetland soils were mainly Sulfurovum, Thermovirga, Dethiosulfatibacter, Allochromatium, Methylorubrum, and Bradyrhizobium. Thus, paddy cultivation can restore the carbon fixation capacity of microorganisms in the degraded karst wetland soil. This study provides an experimental basis for improving soil carbon fixation capacity and repairing degraded soil in karst wetlands.