Abstract
Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a member of the triazole family of plant growth regulators and is known to protect crops from environmental stresses such as salinity and drought. It plays a role in maintaining water balance, photosynthesis capacity and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities. Despite the well-documented effects of PBZ on antioxidant defence in soybean plants, the changes in non-enzymatic antioxidants and endogenous polyamines in the PBZ-treated plants grown under salinity stress are still not studied. Herewith, the study aimed to clarify the effects of PBZ on these molecules. For this purpose, the combined effect of salt (250 mM NaCl) and three different concentrations of PBZ (5, 10 and 20 ppm) on soybean (Glycine max L.) plants were studied. Proline, hydroxyl radical (OH.) scavenging capacity, non-enzymatic antioxidants (anthocyanin, flavonoid, phenolic and free thiol-containing compounds) and polyamines spermine, spermidine, and putrescine were investigated in the treated plants. We found that the PBZ (10 ppm) treatment was the most effective concentration to counteract oxidative stress due to NaCl in soybean seedlings. It significantly increased hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, proline, total phenolics, flavonoids, and conjugated polyamine content compared to those found in salt-treated plants only. For the first time, our study showed that PBZ could induce the non-enzymatic antioxidant defence in soybean plants grown under salt stress conditions.
Highlights
Triazole compounds are synthetic plant growth regulators that act as antigibberellins and retard shoot growth in plants
Our study showed that PBZ could induce the non-enzymatic antioxidant defence in soybean plants grown under salt stress conditions
We found that free SH content was decreased by salinity stress in soybean, which probably indicates impaired antioxidant machinery (Table 1)
Summary
Triazole compounds are synthetic plant growth regulators that act as antigibberellins and retard shoot growth in plants. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a triazole compound used as a growth retardant that inhibits shoot length elongation (Mackay et al, 1990; Jaleel et al, 2007). Triazole compounds protect plants from different stress factors (drought, waterlogging, salt, chilling) (Fletcher et al, 2000). They effectively maintain membrane stability, enhance osmolytes and hormones, photosynthesis activity and maintain (enhance) yield under stress conditions (Soumya et al, 2017). Inhibition of growth and development, reduction in photosynthesis, imbalance in water status, overproduction of free radicals, and crop yield losses occur due to soil salinity worldwide (van Zelm et al, 2020). The reactive free radicals are byproducts of normal metabolism, which in excess can Seckin Dinler B., Cetinkaya H., Sergiev I., Shopova E., Todorova D
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