Pack Cementation Coatings for High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance of AISI 304 Stainless Steel

Abstract

Aluminum and titanium are deposited on the surface of steel by the pack cementation method to improve its hot-corrosion and high-temperature oxidation resistance. In this research, coatings of aluminum and titanium and a two-step coating of aluminum and titanium were applied on an AISI 304 stainless steel substrate. The coating layers were examined by carrying out scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The SEM results showed that the aluminized coating consisted of two layers with a thickness of 450 μm each, the titanized coating consisted of two layers with a thickness of 100 μm each, and the two-step coatings of Al and Ti consisted of three layers with a thickness of 200 μm each. The XRD investigation of the coatings showed that the aluminized coating consisted of Al2O3, AlCr2, FeAl, and Fe3Al phases; the titanized layers contained TiO2, Ni3Ti, FeNi, and Fe2TiO5 phases; and the two-step coating contained AlNi, Ti3Al, and FeAl phases. The uncoated and coated specimens were subjected to isothermal oxidation at 1050 °C for 100 h. The oxidation results revealed that the application of a coating layer increased the oxidation resistance of the coated AISI 304 samples as opposed to the uncoated ones.