Pacientes con indicación de traqueostomía en una cohorte de cuidados intensivos

Abstract

Introductiontracheostomy is a procedure indicated for patients with extended mechanical ventilation. ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to learn about the technical characteristics, the appropriate timing for the procedure and its evolution. Material and methodObservational, retrospective study of ICU admitted patients during 2012, with elective tracheostomy. The demographic variables, the Apache II, the pathologies, the number of days in MV, length of stay and mortality were analyzed, both globally and by groups, depending on the early or late use of the technique. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Clinical Research of the institution, in accordance with the institutional bioethical principles. ResultsThe mean age in the sample with 42 patients was 61.36, and the mean Apache II was 18. The most frequent pathology was neurological. The approach was percutaneous in 71.5%, with minor complications in 20% of the cases. In the early tracheostomy group, the number of days in MV and the length of stay were both considerably shorter. ConclusionsElective tracheostomy is a commonly used technique in the ICU and the procedure is performed according to the protocol. The percutaneous approach is the most frequently used, with few complications. In neurological critical patients with extended weaning, an early approach reduces the number of days with ventilation and the length of stay, with no positive impact on mortality.