Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide. Ozone depletion and climate changes might cause a further increase in the incidence rate in the future. Although the early detection of skin cancer enables it to be treated successfully, some tumours can evolve and become more aggressive, especially in the case of melanoma. Therefore, good diagnostic and prognostic markers are needed to ensure correct detection and treatment. Transcription factor p63, a member of the p53 family of proteins, plays an essential role in the development of stratified epithelia such as skin. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive review of p63 expression in different types of skin cancer and discuss its possible use in the diagnosis and prognosis of cutaneous tumours.
Highlights
Gene Structure and Function in Normal Skin and Skin Cancer p63, like its sibling p73 [1], belongs to the p53 family of transcription factors [2]
Its transcriptional network is an example of an extremely complex spatiotemporal system of positive and negative regulation, which allows for the proper development, self-renewal, and differentiation of the skin. p63 both impedes and triggers keratinocyte differentiation depending on the epithelial compartment, proliferative state, and the network of interacting proteins
Mechanistic aspects of p63 function in the cutaneous basal cell carcinoma and rare skin tumours remain poorly investigated, the role of p63 in tumourigenesis has been intensively studied in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
Summary
Gene Structure and Function in Normal Skin and Skin Cancer p63, like its sibling p73 [1], belongs to the p53 family of transcription factors [2]. Phylogenetic analysis classifies p63 as the most ancient member of the family, followed by p73 and the more recently evolved p53 [3,4]. Family members share conserved gene structure and show high sequence homology. The three members present peculiar functional properties, as indicated, for example, by the phenotypes of the Trp, Trp, and Trp knockout mice [5,6,7]. P63 regulates different cellular responses that primarily affect epithelial biology
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