Abstract
First-line treatments for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) include transurethral resection of the bladder tumour and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) intravesical therapy. If BCG therapy fails, patients are offered bladder removal surgery (radical cystectomy (RC)), a major surgical intervention with impact on quality of life. This study quantifies the trade-offs patients are willing to make when choosing between RC and an alternative medical treatment.
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