P53 protein expression in colorectal adenomas: an immunohistochemical study using an antigen retrieval system.

Abstract

The immunohistochemical expression of the p53 gene product was examined in 91 colorectal adenomas from patients without (group 1, 50 cases) or with (group 2, 41 cases) concurrent sporadic colorectal carcinoma, and in 15 additional cases of randomly selected carcinomas from group 2 patients. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed with the DO-7 monoclonal and the CM1 polyclonal antibodies, following microwave irradiation of the tissues in an antigen retrieval solution, and the proportion of the immunoreactive cells was semiquantitatively assessed. p53 protein immunoreactivity was present in 46.1% (42, of 91, i.e., 20 out of 50 of group 1 and 22 out of 41 of group 2) and 33% (30 of 91, i.e. 14 out of 50 of group 1 and 16 out of 41 of group 2) of the adenomas using DO-7 and CM1 antibody, respectively. High p53 expression (i.e. immunolabelling of more than 30% of the tumour cell nuclei) was found in 13.2% of the adenomas (12 of 91, i.e. three out of 50 of group 1 and nine out of 41 of group 2; P = 0.025 using the chi 2 test) using the DO-7 antibody, and in 6.6% of the cases (six of 91, i.e. two out of 50 of group 1 and four out of 41 of group 2) using the CM1 antibody. In carcinomas, 80% of the cases (i.e. 12 of 15) were found to express p53 protein with both antibodies. p53 immunoreactivity in colorectal adenomas increased with the degree of dysplasia: only five (17.8%) of the 28 adenomas with mild dysplasia were found to be DO-7 positive, while all of them remained CM1 negative. From the 50 adenomas exhibiting moderate dysplasia, 28 (56%) were DO-7 positive, and 22 (44%) were CM1 positive. Finally, from the 13 adenomas with severe dysplasia, nine (69.2%) and eight (61.5%) were found to be positive with the DO-7 and the CM1 antibody, respectively. Our results indicate that an increased number of group 2 adenomas express p53 protein, when compared with group 1 adenomas, and suggest that a strong correlation exists between p53 protein expression and the degree of dysplasia in colorectal neoplasms.