Abstract
Background: Mutation of p53 gene is one of the most common events in oral carcinogenesis. Accumulation of p53 protein has also been detected in premalignant lesions.Materials and Methods: This study included 40 biopsy samples, which were received in department of pathology, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, to ascertain p53 expression by immunohistochemically, in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas and to correlate its expression with histological grade, different sites in oral cavity and tobacco intake/smoking habits.Results: Out of 40 biopsies of oral mucosa, 03 showed normal oral mucosa and 37 were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), most patients were in 5th and 6th decade and majority (86.5%) of oral SCC were males with buccal mucosa being the most common site. There was a statistically significant difference in p53 expression between oral SCC and normal oral mucosa (p value <0.05). Of total 37 cases, 12 cases were well differentiated type, 16 moderately differentiated and 09 of poorly differentiated type of SCC. In each category, about two thirds were positive for p53 staining. Out of total 37 cases of oral SCC, 64.9% were positive and 35.1% were negative for p53 expression, 34 cases had positive history of tobacco intake/smoking habits, of which 23 cases were positive while 11 cases were negative for p53 staining.Conclusion: Abnormal p53 protein was detected in 64.9% of oral squamous cell carcinoma, but not in normal oral mucosa. p53 expression was associated with malignant transformation of oral mucosa.
Highlights
Oral cancers are one of the ten leading cancers in the world
The study was carried out on 40 biopsy samples received of oral mucosa;[3] were of normal oral mucosa and 37 cases were of oral squamous cell carcinoma.Patientswere from wide range of age groups, from 3rd to 8th decade of life
Three cases of normal oral mucosa were stained for p53 expression, all the 3 cases were negative for p53 staining.[37] oral squamous cell carcinoma cases were stained for p53 expression, out of which 24 (64.9%) cases were positive and 13 (35.1%) cases were negative for p53 staining
Summary
Oral cancers are one of the ten leading cancers in the world. in India, it is one of the most common cancers and constitutes a major public health problem.[1]. P53 protein binds to a DNA consensus sequence to induce growth inhibitory genes or nonspecifically to damaged sites leading to DNA repair or apoptosis.[3]. If a person inherits only one functional copy of the p53 gene from their parents, they are predisposed to cancer and usually develop several independent tumours in a variety of tissues in early adulthood. This condition is rare, and is known as Li-Fraumeni syndrome.The p53 gene has been mapped to chromosome 17.The amount of information that exists on all aspects of p53 normal function and mutant expression in human cancers is vast, reflecting its key role in the pathogenesis of human cancers. Accumulation of p53 protein has been detected in premalignant lesions
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