Abstract

In patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), NPs that often originate in the ostiomeatal complex (OMC), where maxillary, frontal, and ethmoid sinuses ventilate and drain, may block normal sinus ventilation and contribute to symptoms. Smaller NPs in the OMC may not be detected by nasal speculum examination, because they are difficult to visualize without proper rhinoendoscopy. Here, we simulate medication delivery in an anatomically accurate silicone cast with grades 1 and 2 NPs.

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