Abstract
Bi-ventricular (BiV) pacing with optimization of the atrio-ventricular and interventricular delays (IVD) is used to improve the condition of heart failure (HF)patients (pts). However, 1/3 of pts may not respond to this therapy and suboptimal electrical activation of the left ventricle (LV) may be responsible in some pts. Moreover, little is known about the electrical activation pattern of the LV during right ventricular (RV), LV and BiV pacing.
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