Abstract
Drugs containing the thiol moiety (or those metabolized to thiol-containing species) play important and diverse roles in biological systems. Thiols are highly sensitive to the redox environment and form stable disulfide bonds upon oxidation. Thiol drugs exhibit mucolytic and antiurolithic activity, as well as the ability to chelate heavy metals such as lead and mercury. In addition, thiol drugs have untapped potential as primary and adjuvant therapies in a wide variety of oxidative stress-related conditions. Thiol drugs bolster GSH levels following acetaminophen overdose, protect tissues against free radical attack after ionizing radiation exposure, and may mitigate lens protein disruption in cataract. Moving forward, chemical alterations or drug delivery strategies may further improve the effectiveness of thiol drugs by increasing bioavailability while reducing systemic side-effects. This presentation will highlight research on the effects of thiol drugs in conditions with therapeutically exploitable redox dysregulation, including heavy metal toxicity, radiation poisoning, acetaminophen toxicity, cataracts and others.
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