P-330 - Achillea millefolium L. hydroethanolic extract has phenolic compounds and inhibits the growth of human tumor cell lines

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Achillea millefolium L. has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. The aim of this work was to carry out phenolic characterization of a hydroethanolic extract of this plant and to analyze its effect in the growth of three human tumor cell lines (NCI-H460, HCT-15 and MCF-7). The phenolic characterization of the extract was performed by chromatographic analysis. The tumor cell growth inhibitory effect was assessed with the sulforhodamine B assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed in the two most sensitive cell lines, by flow cytometry following incubation with PI or Annexin V FITC/PI, respectively. The expression levels of proteins involved in cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by Western blot. Twenty-eight phenolic compounds were detected in the extract: 8 phenolic acid derivatives (main compounds) and 20 flavonoid derivatives. Treatment with this extract reduced the growth of all cell lines. The effect was more potent in the HCT-15 followed by the NCI-H460 cells, by causing alterations in cell cycle profile and increasing apoptosis. However, the mechanism of action was different in the two cell lines. The extract increased p53 and p21 expression in NCI-H460 cells (with wild-type p53) and decreased XIAP levels in HCT-15 cells (with mutant p53).