Abstract
Recently, peer-to-peer (P2P) traffic is increasing rapidly in volume day by day. One of the main causes is that most of P2P applications including file sharing and streaming applications often form overlay networks for exchanging data that are oblivious to the underlay network topology. As a result, they generate a large amount of inter-domain traffic causing higher cost for Internet service providers (ISPs). This raises a problem of traffic localization. To optimize the cross-ISP/AS traffic, existing approaches focus on solving the problem on the application layer where each P2P application must be equipped with an additional protocol to obtain underlay network information from an “Oracle” server or an additional locality-aware procedure to estimate location by itself. Therefore some modifications of application software are required for these approaches. In this paper, we propose a novel solution for addressing the problem, called PLS, forcing packet loss to each P2P packet based on geographical location of each destination at the network layer. Since PLS is implemented at a network router, no software modification is required. This proposal can be applied to all types of P2P applications in order to localize the traffic. The experiment in this study evaluated on popular P2P streaming applications show that our proposed method significantly improves the performance of traffic localization problem.
Highlights
According to a recent study, peer-to-peer (P2P) traffic is declining in percentage of overall Internet traffic, it is still increasing rapidly in volume due to tremendous growing of multimedia content delivery such as video streaming, which accounted for 51 percent of all consumer Internet traffic in 2011 and will up to 55 percent in 2016 1
They claimed that the presence of the oracle service provided by internet service providers (ISPs) is redundant since all the necessary information for peer selection is already gathered by content distribution networks (CDNs)
For the Internet connection, we signed the contracts with FLETS HIRAKI a 100 Mbps optical access service on the generation network (NGN), and plala HIKAKI Mate with FLETS as an ISP in Japan
Summary
According to a recent study, peer-to-peer (P2P) traffic is declining in percentage of overall Internet traffic, it is still increasing rapidly in volume due to tremendous growing of multimedia content delivery such as video streaming, which accounted for 51 percent of all consumer Internet traffic in 2011 and will up to 55 percent in 2016 1. The problem is that most of P2P applications often ignore traffic costs at ISPs: peers construct an overlay network and establish their connections based on not the network stability but the resource availability. P2P applications generate a large amount of unpredictable cross-ISP/AS (Autonomous system) traffic on the Internet. P2P systems may change their design and try to hide them from the network This makes P2P traffic control problem become more challenging. A variety of methods have been introduced, and many works 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 suggest that the consideration of peer location would reduce inter-ISP/AS traffic and conserve the bandwidth. This forms the problem of traffic localization.
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