Abstract
Rumination, consisting of repetitive self-critical thought, is common in depression and predicts the onset and maintenance of depressive episodes. Research suggests that there are both maladaptive and adaptive subtypes of rumination, with brooding worsening negative mood and reflective pondering improving depression symptoms. Neuroimaging studies have implicated several cortical midline structures and lateral prefrontal brain regions in rumination in healthy and depressed populations. Recent research indicates that blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal variability may be an important novel predictor of cognitive flexibility.
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