P215 Investigation of an outbreak of neonatal Candida emia in the NICU of a 300 -bedded hospital in North India

Abstract

Poster session 2, September 22, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PMObjectivesNeonatal Candidaemia causes significant morbidity and mortality in very low birth weight neonates. We report the occurrence of an outbreak of neonatal Candidaemia due to Candida krusei in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a 300-bedded hospital in North India.MethodsA total of 96 blood cultures from 80 neonates admitted in the NICU from October 2020 to April 2021 were received and processed manually in the Microbiology lab. A total of 5 among the 47 yeast isolates were sent to a teaching hospital for identification and antifungal susceptibility testing by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). Clinical parameters (very low birth weight, gestational age, birth asphyxia, broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy, intra-uterine growth restriction, and total parenteral nutrition), lab parameters (CRP, platelet count), and patient outcome were evaluated. A total of 26 environmental samples and hand swabs from six health care workers were collected to trace the source of the outbreak. The samples were inoculated on 5% sheep blood agar and MacConkey agar. Regular rounds of the NICU and training sessions were conducted by the infection control team to intensify the infection control measures.ResultsBlood culture results: In all, 57 neonates (71.25%; 57/80) admitted to the NICU had positive blood cultures. A total of 47 blood cultures yielded non-albicans Candida spp. (82.45%; 47/57). The other microorganisms isolated from blood cultures were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4), MRSA (3), Klebsiella pneumoniae (4) and Acinetobacter baumanni (1). Polymicrobial bloodstream infections were detected in two neonates. All the yeast isolates subjected to MALDI-TOF were identified as Candida krusei and had similar MICs of 0.25, 4, 16, 1, 0.25 and 16 μg/ml for voriconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, caspofungin, micafungin and fluconazole respectively.Culture results of environmental sampling: Yeast could not be isolated from any environmental sample and hand swabs of health care workers. However, MRSA was isolated from the hands of one health care worker.Observation during the infection control rounds:Sterile gauze pieces soaked in iodine and kept in plastic bottles were being used for skin antisepsis before collecting samples or before introducing an IV cannula.The nursing staff did not wear sterile gloves while collecting blood samples or introducing IV cannula in case of NICU patients.It was observed that the used bottles of IV fluids (eg. Ringer lactate, normal saline) were not capped and kept at room temperature.Intensive infection control measures and training sessions were effective in controlling the outbreak.ConclusionWe report the occurrence of a massive outbreak of neonatal Candidaemia in the NICU of our hospital with a positivity rate of 58.75% (47/80). Identification of yeast and determination of antifungal susceptibility is important for prompt treatment. Though the source of the outbreak could not be traced but intensifying infection control practices could control the outbreak. This study emphasizes the value of educating healthcare workers and regular monitoring of disinfection practices to prevent health-care-associated infections.