Abstract
Introduction: Several factors are associated with the diseases genesis that affect heart and blood vessels, and emotional disorders, such as depression and anxiety, are progressively related to an increase in cardiovascular risk. Objective: to evaluate the cardiovascular risk profile and the prevalence of anxiety and depression in young adults receiving primary care in the Brazilian Unified Health System. Methods: This is a multicenter cross-sectional population study (arm of the LapARC study–Rio de Janeiro) developed in a center in Santarém, Pará, located in the Brazilian Amazon. Young adults (20 to 50 years old) were evaluated in relation to their cardiovascular risk profile, sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometry, electrical bioimpedance and laboratory tests. Blood pressure (BP) was measured in the office and Home Blood Pressure Monitoring (HBPM) was performed with a 7-day protocol. In screening for depression and anxiety, the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 questionnaires were applied, respectively. Results: 161 individuals were included (81.4% female; mean age 39.6 ± 7.9 years). More than half of the population has 3 or more risk factors (55.9%), with dyslipidemia being the most prevalent (60.2%), followed by hypertension (55.9%) and obesity (41.0%). Women had significantly more abdominal obesity (67.2% vs 30.0%, p<0.001), with a higher percentage of body fat (42.2 ± 7.5 vs 28.7 ± 7.8%, p<0.001). Men have a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (80.0% vs 55.7%, p<0.05). Regarding emotional disorders, we observed high prevalence in the moderate/severe category of depression (51.6%) and anxiety (57.8%), both conditions being significantly higher among women (55.7% vs 33.3%, p<0.05|63.4% vs 33.3%, p<0.05), respectively. Conclusion: the population, although apparently young and healthy, presented moderate and high risk, which associated with the high prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety, can increase the risk for the emergence of cardiovascular diseases, which supports the importance of continuing the study, in order to understand the behavior of these variables in this age group and draw attention to psychological screening and monitoring in primary health care.
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