Abstract
Background: While grip strength is known to correlate with cardiovascular health, its relationship with blood pressure (BP) remains unclear, especially when considering adiposity. Methods: We investigated the grip strength-BP association in 12,000 individuals aged 18–65 years, stratifying by body mass index (BMI) and Dietary diversity (DDS). Grip strength, BP, and Body-fat(BF%) were measured using hand dynamometry, digital blood pressure instrument, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. DDS was measured using the FAO validated DDS tool. Results: Overall, elevated BP was associated with greater grip strength (37.1 kg vs 36.5 kg, p < 0.001), particularly in overweight or obese individuals (42.0 kg vs 40.2 kg, p = 0.003 and 41.7 kg vs 40.0 kg, p = 0.03), and those in the highest DDS (12 Vs 9, p < 0.01). Higher grip strength increased the odds of elevated BP (OR = 1.014, p = 0.004), particularly in overweight or obese individuals (OR = 1.025, p < 0.001) and those with the highest DDS (OR = 1.036, p < 0.001). However, individuals with low grip strength and high DDS had lower odds of elevated BP (OR = 0.514, p = 0.002), while those with low grip strength and low DDS had higher odds (OR = 2.162, p = 0.043). Conclusion: Our study reveals that increased grip strength is linked to higher blood pressure in overweight or obese individuals or those with a high dietary diversity score (DDS). However, individuals with a BMI < 25 kg/m2 or lower DDS may experience a reduced association between grip strength and blood pressure. These findings underscore the importance of considering both body mass index and dietary diversity in assessing cardiovascular health. We suggest integrating dietary analysis and handgrip evaluation in hypertension screening. Intervention trials combining dietary modifications with strength training are vital. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms and potential interventions targeting grip strength, adiposity, and dietary factors to mitigate the risk of hypertension.
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