Abstract
Stent insertion is one of the standard methods of therapeutic bronchology. Stents can be applied to trachea or bronchi. Y stents are inserted to the tracheobronchial area around tracheal bifurcation. The most frequent indications are the central malignant tumors, less frequently benign stenosis, phistulla or tracheomalatia. The prognosis of central stenosing tumors is usually unfavorable with no specific data available. 464 stents were inserted in our institution, out of them 120 were of Y type. The results of Y stent insertion in malignant tumors during the period 2001- 2015 were evaluated. Survival of patients was compared according to sex, age, tumor origin, histology and stage. 80 Y stents were inserted in 50 men and 30 women, mean age in the time of diagnosis was 61.6 year, in the time of stent insertion 62.8 year. There were 53 bronchial cancers, 6 tracheal cancers, 12 oesophageal cancers, 3 laryngeal cancer, 2 thyroid cancers, and 1 breast cancer, 2 lymphomas, and 1 thymoma. Since diagnosis the mean survival (MS) was 26.39 months, median of overall survival (mOS) was 10.89 (95% CI 8.10- 13.67) months. Since stent insertion MS was 18.09 m and mOS was 3.48 (95% CI 2.72-4.23) m. There were no statistically significant differences according to sex, age and type of tumor (p >0.05): tracheal cancer - mOS 6.07 m, lung cancer - mOS 3.64 m, oesophageal cancer - mOS 2.49 m, other tumors - mOS 3.54 m. Among lung cancers squamous cancer was the most frequent type (34 pts, mOS 4.20 m) and had better prognosis than adenocarcinoma (8 pts, mOS 3.64 m), small cell lung cancer (4 pts, mOS 1.18 m) and NOS (3 pts, mOS 1.80 m). Squamous cancer stage IIIB (22 pts, mOS 5.18 m) had better prognosis than stage IV (10 pts, 3.47 m), all differences were not significant. Y stent insertion is an effective palliative procedure in malignant stenosis of central airways. Tumors in this localization have generally bad prognosis. In present study, squamous lung cancer was the most frequent one and had longer survival than other types of cancers. Study was supported by grant AZV 16-32318A
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