P087 IFN-γ-Induced Intestinal Epithelial Cell Type-Specific Cytotoxic Responses of Human Enteroids: PANoptosis and The Protective Role of Selective JAK1 Inhibitors

Abstract

Abstract Background Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) plays an important role in the development of intestinal injury and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Using human intestinal organoid (enteorid) models, this study was investigated 1) what is the major response of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) induced by IFN-γ to elucidate; 2) which programmed cell death (PCD) pathways cause IFN-γ-induced cell death on IECs in the absence of intestinal microbiota and immune cells; 3) how the expression of cell-cell adhesion molecules in epithelial cells is altered by IFN-γ; 4) how epithelial cell differentiation is altered by IFN-γ; 5) whether there is a difference in IFN-γ-induced PCD between different epithelial cell types; and 6) which molecules can block IFN-γ-induced PCD in IECs. Methods Using human enteroids, the major response of IECs induced by IFN-γ was evaluated, focusing on the IFN-γ-induced PCD pathway. The intestinal epithelial cell type-specific response to IFN-γ was assessed by bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Furthermore, the molecules to block IFN-γ-induced PCD in IECs were evaluated. Results As the concentration of IFN-γ in the culture media increased, disruption of organoid structure, growth arrest, and cell death were observed in IFN-γ-treated enteroids on organoid reconstitution, MTT, and EdU assay. Bulk RNA-seq and western blot were identified the activation of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis to form the collective inflammatory cell death pathway of PANoptosis. Single-cell RNA-seq indicated that IFN-γ altered epithelial cell differentiation in human enteroids, including expansion of the intstinal stem cell (ISC) population and depletion of the enterocyte population. PCD-associated gene expression was upregulated in enterocytes and goblet cells, but not in ISCs and paneth cells. Individual PCD inhibitors may be insufficient to prevent IFN-γ-induced cytotoxicity, whereas upadacitinib interferes with the downstream signaling of IFN-γ by inhibiting the activity of JAK1 kinase, resulting in effective blocking of PANoptosis. Conclusion PANoptosis is the major mechanism of IFN-γ-induced IEC damage, which was blocked by a selective JAK1 inhibitor. ECs were particularly susceptible to IFN-γ-induced PANoptosis. * This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT) (2022R1A2B5B02002092 and 2021R1C1C2095192) and Future Medicine 2030 Project of the Samsung Medical Center (SMO1230011).