Abstract
Abstract Background and Aims Excessive consumption of fructose (Fr) leads to obesity, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, which are known risk factors for kidney stones. Along with the epidemic of obesity and diabetes there is also a growing incidence of kidney stones in both adults and children. The epidemiological studies have shown that the relative risk of nephrolithiasis significantly increases with fructose intake in diet. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of high-fructose diet on kidney tubules disorders and predisposition to the development of kidney stones. Method Male Wistar rats were assigned for 8 weeks to 3 groups differing in the content of Fr in the diet: RD - regular diet with a fructose content <3%; F10 - regular diet with an addition of 10% Fr in drinking water; F60 - 60% Fr as a solid feed. Serum concentration of Fr, creatinine (Cr), insulin (Ins), triglycerides (Tg), homocysteine (Hcs), uric acid (UA), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) were measured. Based on a 24-hour urine collection the following tests were performed: urine pH, proteinuria (PCR), excretion of N-Acetyl-(D)-Glucosaminidase (NAG), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), uric acid (UAE), phosphorus (PE), calcium (CaE), magnesium (MgE) and sodium (NaE). The creatinine clearance (CrCl) was calculated. Calcium deposits in kidney sections were examined using H+E and von Kossa staining. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance ANOVA. Statistical significance was considered as p<0,05. Results The results are presented in table as mean ± SD. The rats did not differ in total calories intake in their diet. Conclusion The high-fructose diet, in a dose-dependent manner, exacerbated inflammation and induced damage to the proximal tubules. Both F10 and F60 led to hypouricosuria, hypercalciuria and hyperphosphaturia. Those disturbances, in turn, caused precipitation of calcium phosphate deposits in kidney tubules and parenchyma.
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