P-Graph approach for the economical optimisation of biomass supply network that meets requirements on greenhouse gas emissions savings - A case study of rural areas

Abstract

This work presents a novel P-graph-based model for optimizing a biomass supply network. The objective of this optimisation is twofold: to find the most cost-effective biomass supply network with a minimum cost, while also fulfilling the required greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions savings defined in Directive 2018/2001 (80% savings compared to fossil fuel comparators) for the use of biogas.To achieve this goal, an extension to a P-graph-based biomass supply network was developed, which allows the optimisation of the network while limiting GHG emissions associated with the use of biogas. The model includes a summary of GHG emissions for each stage of biogas production and consumption, compared to threshold values. Additionally, seasonal variation in biomass supply was integrated into the model by using a multiperiod approach.The model was developed and solved in P-Graph Studio, with input data defined using the Geographic Information System (GIS) tool, including feedstock availability, an optimal location for a biogas site, and transportation distance. The approach was tested in a case study located in a rural area. This model can benefit a wide range of stakeholders, including biogas plant operators, policymakers, researchers, and energy regulatory authorities.