Abstract
Phosphorus (P) accumulators used for phytoremediation vary in their potential to acquire P from different high P regimes. Growth and P accumulation in Polygonum hydropiper were both dependent on an increasing level of IHP (1–8 mM P) and on a prolonged growth period (3-9 weeks), and those of the mining ecotype (ME) were higher than the non-mining ecotype (NME). Biomass increments in root, stem, and leaf of both ecotypes were significantly greater in IHP relative to other organic P (Po) sources (G1P, AMP, ATP), but lower than those in inorganic P (Pi) treatment (KH2PO4). P accumulation in the ME exceeded the NME from different P regimes. The ME demonstrated higher root activity compared to the NME grown in various P sources. Acid phosphatase (Apase) and phytase activities in root extracts of both ecotypes grown in IHP were comparable to that in Pi, or even higher in IHP. Higher secreted Apase and phytase activities were detected in the ME treated with different P sources relative to the NME. Therefore, the ME demonstrates higher P-uptake efficiency and it is a potential material for phytoextraction from P contaminated areas, irrespective of Pi or Po contamination.
Highlights
Phosphorus (P) accumulators used for phytoremediation vary in their potential to acquire P from different high P regimes
Biomass in the mining ecotype (ME) was significantly higher compared to the non-mining ecotype (NME) when both were grown in high myo-inositol hexaphosphoric acid dodecasodium salt (IHP) media at 4, 6 and 8 mM
The ME was more tolerant to high levels of Po (IHP) and demonstrated higher biomass and P accumulation
Summary
Phosphorus (P) accumulators used for phytoremediation vary in their potential to acquire P from different high P regimes. Previous studies showed that abundant Po existed in animal manure He et al found that poultry litter contained 40%–70% phytate-like P and 10%–30% simple monoester P in Po fractions extracted by hydroxide and acid[11]. Melopepo, Cucumis sativus) and some grasses (e.g. Lolium multiflorum L., Duo festulolium) have been reported as potential P accumulators for their shoot P > 1% dry weight (DW) when grown in high P conditions[6,13,14,15,16]. These P accumulators have defects like; relatively low DW yield, low P accumulation potential, or are not adaptive to polluted water. Polygonum hydropiper represents a worthy candidate to remediate excess P because of its great attributes of being able to grow in both terrestrial and aquatic areas, and high potentials of P uptake and P removal
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