Abstract
Human gut is populated with microbes, the quantum and functionality of which is being understood in the recent years. Differences in the gut microbiome have been identified in states of health and disease. Gastrointestinal microbial dysbiosis has a role in the pathogenesis in many gastrointestinal diseases. As a logical next step, the manipulation of the gut microbiome was tested as a therapeutic avenue in various gastrointestinal diseases, most prominent of which were fecal microbial transplantation for the treatment of recurrent and refractory Clostridium difficile infection, probiotics for the prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhea and antibiotic rifaximin for the prevention as well as treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. Various strategies of gut microbiome modulation as a therapeutic strategy in gastrointestinal diseases were reviewed in the current article.
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