P.343 Factors related to non-remission in outpatients with bipolar disorder: The multicenter treatment survey on bipolar disorder in Japan

Abstract

Agronomic management is considered one of the most potential strategies to improve the physicochemical characters of soil, thereafter to immobilize or reduce Cd in polluted soils. This chapter provides an overview of various applications of agronomic management that regulate Cd bioavailability to agricultural crops. The strategies employed for successful mitigation of Cd uptake and toxicity in crops are discussed, mainly including proper application of essential nutrients such as N, Zn, Fe, Se, P, and Si in Cd-contaminated soils, inorganic amendments such as liming materials, clays, metal oxides, etc., and organic amendments such as compost, manure, and biochar, or the exogenous application of microorganisms. Efficient water management, cocropping, crop rotation, soil type, etc., employed for the alleviation of Cd toxicity in crops is reviewed. Effectively integration of conventional breeding procedures with molecular markers is a more practical way of selecting for low-Cd cultivars with desirable agronomic traits. Due attention is suggested to be paid on testing the effect of different rates of such agricultural practices on remediation of Cd-contaminated soils, with the aim of securing methods that are economically and technologically viable.