Abstract

The standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), is neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation (nCCRT), after which total mesorectal excision is performed. The degree of response to combined therapy varies in patients. Tumor repopulation during radiotherapy is an important cause of treatment failure. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein released during the course of radiotherapy. It is essential for normal cellular function but also regulates the proliferation and migration of tumor cells.

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