Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy with a dismal 5-year survival rate of only 9%. Novel biomarkers are urgently needed to improve the survival outcomes of patients with this dreaded disease. Cytokines serve a key role in tumor development and metastasis in pancreatic cancer, with each cytokine demonstrating unique functionality in the tumor microenvironment. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the role of cytokines in prognosticating overall survival (OS) of pancreatic cancer patients.
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