Abstract
Abstract. The objective of this study is to investigate the contribution of biomass burning emissions to O3 production during small-scale dry-grass fires over Western Russia (24 April–10 May 2006) as well as to quantify the effect of biogenic emissions in this environment. By using the Factor Separation methodology, we evaluate the pure contribution of each one of these two sources and we appoint the significance of their synergistic effect on O3 production. The total (actual) contribution of each source is also estimated. Sensitivity simulations assess the effect of various fire emission parameters, such as chemical composition, emissions magnitude and injection height. The model results are compared with O3 and isoprene observations from 117 and 9 stations of the EMEP network, respectively. Model computations show that the fire episode determines the sensitivity of O3 chemistry in the area. The reference run which represents grass fires with high NOx/CO emission ratio (0.06) is characterized by VOC-sensitive O3 production. In that case, the pure impact of fire emissions on surface O3 is up to 40–45 ppb, while their synergistic effect with the biogenic emissions is proven significant (up to 8 ppb). Under a lower NOx/CO molar ratio (0.025, representative of agricultural residues), the area is characterized by NOx-sensitive chemistry and the maximum surface O3 predictions are almost doubled due to higher O3 production at the fire spots and lower fires' NO emissions.
Highlights
Vegetation fires release large amount of aerosols and trace gases, in particular, carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ammonia (NH3), particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) into the atmosphere (Andreae and Merlet, 2001)
Remote areas are usually characterized by low ambient NOx and high Biogenic emissions include volatile organic compounds (BVOC) emission levels, by fairly high VOC/NOx ratios and correspond to the NOx-sensitive regime
Beekmann and Vautard (2010) discussed the spatial distribution of the NOxVOC sensitive regimes over Europe and their temporal variability. They concluded that the northwestern Europe lies in the VOC-sensitive regime while Mediterranean and Eastern Europe are in the NOx-sensitive regime
Summary
Vegetation fires release large amount of aerosols and trace gases, in particular, carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ammonia (NH3), particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) into the atmosphere (Andreae and Merlet, 2001). In case of photochemical O3 production, this takes place within a few tens of minutes after the release (Goode et al, 2000; Jost et al, 2003; Yokelson et al, 2003), while it can be detected several days later in the downwind plumes (Wotawa and Trainer, 2000; Forster et al, 2001; Real et al, 2007; Nassar et al, 2009) In their critical review paper, Jaffe and Wigder (2012) focus on the influence of wildfire emissions and of photochemistry on O3 production. Studies in the USA suggest that intense wildfire periods can significantly increase the frequency of O3 standards exceedances (Jaffe et al, 2008; Pfister et al, 2008)
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