Abstract
An investigation of the effects of ozone on ammonia in municipal wastewaters is described and discussed relative to the application of ozone for advanced waste treatment. Ammonia is oxidized completely to nitrate, thereby eliminating the nitrogenous oxygen demand of the waste. In buffered solutions of ammonium chloride, the reaction is first-order with respect to the concentration of ammonia, and the rate increases with increasing pH over the range 7–9, and with increasing ozone partial pressure. In wastewater, the reaction is particularly sensitive to pH, with effective removal of ammonia occurring only if the pH of the wastewater can be maintained alkaline. Due to the elevated pH's required for effective ammonia oxidation, ozonation is especially attractive in conjunction with lime clarification and precipitation of phosphate. Application of ozone for disinfection purposes requires recognition of the ozone demand exerted by ammonia.
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