Abstract
Systems of two immiscible liquid phases—aqueous phase (i.e., distilled water (dH2O) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)) and liquid perfluorochemical (i.e., perfluorodecalin (PFD))—were subjected to wave-assisted agitation, i.e., oscillatory rocked, in a disposable bag-like container in a ReadyToProcess WAVETM25 bioreactor, to recognize oxygen transfer effects and effectivity of the surface aeration. According to the DoE methodology, values of the volumetric liquid-side mass transfer (kLa) coefficient for dH2O, PBS, dH2O-PFD, and PBS-PFD systems were determined for the whole range of operating parameters of the WAVE 25 bioreactor. A significantly higher maximal value of kLa was found for waving dH2O than for dH2O-PFD (i.e., 0.00460 s−1 vs. 0.00331 s−1, respectively) compared to more equal maximal values of kLa reached for PBS and PBS-PFD (0.00355 s−1 vs. 0.00341 s−1, respectively). The interface development factor (f) depended on the interfacial area a, and the enhancement factor (EPFD), depending on kLa, was introduced to quantitatively identify the mass transfer effects in the systems of waving two immiscible liquids. The phase of PFD was identified as the reservoir of oxygen. Dimensional correlations were proposed for the prediction of the kLa coefficient, in addition to the f and EPFD factors. The presented correlations, and the set of kLa values, can be directly applied to predict oxygen transfer effects reached under continuous oscillatory rocked systems containing aqueous phase and liquid perfluorochemical.
Highlights
Synthetic liquid perfluorochemicals (PFCs; synonym: perfluorocarbons), which dissolve gases according to Henry’s Law, have been adopted in medicinal liquid ventilation procedures [1,2] and bioprocess engineering
The primary aim of the study was to quantitatively recognize the oxygen transfer effects that occur under conditions of wave-assisted agitation in the system of aqueous phase supported with the perfluorinated gas carrier, which both were waved in a 2.0 liter disposable culture bag of a ReadyToProcess WAVETM 25 bioreactor (WAVE 25; Citiva, formerly GE Healthcare, US)
Design of Experiments (DoE)-aided analysis introduced in Table 1, recognized three operational parameters, i.e., α,Based ω andonQthe
Summary
Synthetic liquid perfluorochemicals (PFCs; synonym: perfluorocarbons), which dissolve gases according to Henry’s Law, have been adopted in medicinal liquid ventilation procedures [1,2] and bioprocess engineering. Due to the physicochemical properties exhibited by liquid PFCs (i.e., immiscibility with aqueous media), some investigators recommend using them as efficient liquid gas carriers in bioprocesses with biomass of animal or plant cells/tissues performed in various bioreactor systems, as an additional liquid layer at the bottom of a bioreactor vessel [8,9,10], or as dispersed droplets of utilized PFC [11,12,13] in intensively agitated systems. The main systematic difference distinguishing disposable bioreactors from typical bioreactors is the pre-sterilized single-use container made of polymer-based multi-layer plastic, which is applied as a flexible-in-shape bag (i.e., pillow-like shape) for preparation of individual culture environment [14,15]. Shape and size (i.e., dimensions and volume) of the culture bag determine the possible mechanism of agitation, which may be applied for efficient mixing of liquid phase poured into such a pillow-shaped container
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