Abstract
Correct anther development is essential for male fertility and subsequently agricultural yield. Defects in anther development range from the early stage of stamen formation until the late stage of tapetum degeneration. In particular, the specification of the four distinct somatic layers and the inner sporogenous cells need perfect orchestration relying on precise cell–cell communication. Up to now, several signals, which coordinate the anther´s developmental program, have been identified. Among the known signals are phytohormones, environmental conditions sensed via glutaredoxins, several receptor-like kinases triggered by ligands like MAC1, and small RNAs such as miRNAs and the monocot-prevalent reproductive phasiRNAs. Rather than giving a full review on anther development, here we discuss anther development with an emphasis on mobile elements like ROS/oxygen, secreted proteins and small RNAs (only briefly touching on phytohormones), how they might act and interact, and what the future of this research area might reveal.
Highlights
Anthers are intricately formed reproductive structures which enable the creation and dispersal of male gametophytes
Multiple mobile elements or their gradients along the anther radius shape anther development: Here, we focus on oxygen, secreted peptides and small RNAs (Fig. 1c)
Auxin participates in anther development, dehiscence, pollen maturation and filament elongation via ARFs (AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORS) (Nagpal et al 2005; Wu et al 2006; reviewed in Cardarelli and Cecchetti 2014) which will be further mentioned as small RNA targets below
Summary
Anthers are intricately formed reproductive structures which enable the creation and dispersal of male gametophytes. Auxin participates in anther development, dehiscence, pollen maturation and filament elongation via ARFs (AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORS) (Nagpal et al 2005; Wu et al 2006; reviewed in Cardarelli and Cecchetti 2014) which will be further mentioned as small RNA targets below.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
