Oxygen reduction on redox mediators may affect glucose biosensors based on “wired” enzymes

Abstract

In glucose oxidase (GOx) based biosensors, O2 has been reported to compete with the artificial redox mediator for GOx electrons, decreasing the current density of the devices. Here, we investigate the effect of O2 on the redox mediator itself. To do so, a range of osmium-based redox polymers of different redox potentials has been investigated in non-physiological relevant conditions, i.e. under forced convection and under 1atm O2, to maximize the effect of the O2. We show that molecular O2 could be reduced on osmium complexes producing H2O2, a fraction of which could be further reduced to H2O on the same Os complexes. This reduction occurs on polymers with apparent redox potential E°′≤+0.07V vs. Ag/AgCl and the kinetic increases exponentially when E°′ decrease. In addition to the consequent loss of sensitivity and selectivity for a biosensor, or of power density and faradaic efficiency in the case of a biofuel cell, the H2O2 produced during the reduction of O2 on the Os complex may be deleterious for the enzyme. Our results suggest that the effect of O2 on the mediator itself may also be a parameter to be taken into account for the design of efficient redox mediators.